Korea

     In “Korean Music in the 19^th Century” Sheen Dae-Cheol explains the traditional music of 19^th century Korea was court music, literati music, and folk music(http://www.soas.ac.uk/koreanstudies/soas-aks/soas-aks-papers/file55350.pdf). The court music was played at court rituals and parties, but the literati and folk music played a much larger role in Korean life.

 wiki.smu.edu.sg                                                                             factsanddetails.com                       staff.pausd.org 

     
      Sheen Dae-Cheol said Boheoja was a literati style of music, with variations called Yeomilnak, Yeongsan-hoesang, Gagok, and Gasa. Boheoja was actually imported from the Chinese Song Dynasty and continued to evolve over time. In the 19^th century it was broken up into seven movements and developed into four variations. Yeomilnak was the first variation, which was used at court parties and shortened to six movements in the 19^th century. The Yeongsan-hoesang was another style of music used in the courts that transformed into literati music. The Gagok is a style of literati music that was sung by women. Finally, the Gasa was a style of literati music sung with an instrumental ensemble. 

     Pansori and Sanjo were most popular of the folk songs of the era Sheen Dae-Cheol explains. The Pansori was more refined and males, females, and children were given vocal parts. The king adored Pansori and because of this Pansori reached new heights and gained more popularity than it ever could without such support. Sanjo was a folk song that brought to life instrumental solo music, which had never been seen before in Korea.

http://youtu.be/ktjI6TpUd5w

     In the late 19^th century similar to China and Japan Western styles of music began to make their way into Korea and influence Korea’s traditional style of music. Western music was first introduced through the way of military bands, specifically the introduction of the bugle. This was the main way Western style music spread through Korea. Also, Sheen Dae-Cheol states Western style music became widespread in Korea due to the spread of Christianity, “especially the hymn of Protestantism” (Dae-Cheol, 15). This carried into schools and Western style music was used in the education of the masses, called Changga, consisting of patriotic and enlightening songs.